Sunday, January 26, 2020

The Causes And Effects Of Deforestation Sociology Essay

The Causes And Effects Of Deforestation Sociology Essay Laurance stated that Tropical forests do far more than sustain biodiversity; they are homes to indigenous peoples, pharmacopeias of natural products, and provide vital ecosystem services, such as flood amelioration and soil conservation (p. 109). This shows that forest is very important to us but deforestation has caused all the forest to be cleared. What is deforestation? Deforestation is an act of cutting down all the trees in that particular area. Deforestation happens for some reasons, some were done legally while some were done illegally. Tropical forest takes up about six percent of the whole earth but it causes a lot of problems when all the trees were cut down. Till today, peoples are still debating on whether deforestation is an appropriate act or not. What are the causes and effects of deforestation? What is happening to the tropical rainforest now? We have always read the news of Indonesia burning the forests almost every year. Why are they doing it? It has been reported they burn the forests so that they will have a better land to plant the palm oil. It acts as a fertilizer to the land because their plants died easily. Even thought they did it to fertilize the land but it brings harm to the people around the country. Air pollution happens especially in Malaysia where there are hazes everywhere. Haze is when the air is misty and blurry. It brings harm to the people that inhale it. Therefore, every year the rates of people receiving treatment during the period of time increases. This shows that deforestation has caused a lot of effects to the mankind and its been showed on advertisement and newspaper but it seems that people are still not aware of it. This research paper is going to talk about the causes and effects of deforestation around the world. Many people were more aware of the effects than the causes of deforestation. This research paper is going to talk about the causes and effects of deforestation. Besides the causes and effects, this paper is going to talk about what can be done to save the forest too. Causes of deforestation One of the most common causes of deforestation is clearing up the forest to pay back the foreign debt of that particular country (Culas, 2006). Some country has owed a large sum of foreign debt. They dont the capability to pay back the debt, thus they cleared up the forests for crop production. By planting crops that could be export to another country, they could earn a lot and repay back the debt. This is why most of the country chooses to clear the forest and do agriculture. They not only can repay back the debt but also earn a large sum of money out of it. If the country did not have that large sum of debt, the forest wouldnt have to be cleared up and the rates of deforestation will be decreasing. Therefore, those countries need to find another alternative ways that could earn money instead of clearing up the forests. As I mentioned earlier, tropical forests only takes up about 6 percent of the whole earth. If the countries continue to clear up the forests, there will be no more f orests in the surface of the earth. Another causes of deforestation are the demand of land. When the population of the certain countries increases, the demand of houses increases too. This leads to clearing up the forests to build houses so that they can sustain the population in that country. We dont have to look at other country. We just need to take a look at our own country, Malaysia. Forests in Setapak area were cleared up to build condominiums. Malaysia has the population over millions and the demand for houses were very high. They choose to clear up the forests so that there were more land to build apartment, condominium, terrace house and more. This shows that deforestation is the first option when it comes to fulfilling the demand of land. Besides fulfilling the demand of houses, the demand of oil has also leads to deforestation. Oil has been widely used everywhere in the world now. When the demand of oil is increasing, lands were in need for oil plantation. When there is no more empty land for oil plantation, deforestation has become the option again to have lands. Trees were chopped down and being used to plants oil palm so the demand could be met. Besides meeting the demand of land, the weakness shown in the governments rules is also one of the causes (Laurance, 1999). We learned from young that there are rules when it comes to cutting down the trees. Many people keep violating the rules and continue to do illegal logging. Why? This is because the weak governments policies. Rules were set but there were no enforcement. They show weakness when it comes to violating the rules. For example, they just let them go when they caught them doing illegal logging instead of arresting them or fine them. This does not help but makes the matter worse. People will think that it is fine to do illegal logging since the police did not arrest them at the first place. Such government will only promote the act instead of stopping them. Soon, all the trees in the country will disappear. The effects of deforestation What are the effects of deforestation? One of the effects of deforestation is doing harm to the indigenous people. When desertification happens, it deadly affects the indigenous people, as it contributes to death, illness, poorness, and culture shock (Mitten, 1997). This is because indigenous people live in the forest and their source of foods come from the forest. Logging activities have become one way to earn money. Therefore, all the companies have build their factory near the rivers. When they cut down the trees and bring it back the process, all the wastewater will flow into the river. Indigenous people drink water from the river. As a result, they will get sick because of the dirty water caused by the factories. It can even promote to death if it get serious. Besides that, the culture will soon vanished when the indigenous people becomes lesser and lesser. Cultural shock will happen and the history of the culture will soon be forgotten. Besides harming the indigenous people, deforestation harms the wildlife too (Bonaudo, Pendu, Faure, Quanz, 2005). This is because around 80 to 90 percent of animal species live in the tropical rainforest. Imagine if all the trees were cut down, what will happen to this animal? Of course, the animals will lose their natural habitat and they will extinct. Animals like panda refuse to breed when they are not in their own natural habitat. Therefore, the population if panda keeps increasing as time goes by because their natural habitat has been destroyed. When deforestation happens, the animals lost their natural habitat and also their protective shield. This results in difficulty to adapt to the new environment and refuse to breed. When this happen, more and more animals will extinct. Our future relationship will have to look at pictures to know the animal instead of looking at the animals in real life. How bad is it that for the future generation, animals are just picture for them? Def orestation will soon cause them to lost touch with the animals that exist now and they will only know them by story told by the parents or just going to a museum. Another effects of deforestation are climate change. Bala, Caldeira, Wickett, Phillips, Lobell, Delire, Mirin, (2006) stated that deforestation affects the global climate both by releasing the carbon stored in the living plants and soils, and by altering the physical properties of the planetary surface (p. 6550). This happens because trees are storage for the carbon dioxide released by the human through respiration. Trees stored carbon dioxide to make their own food through the photosynthesis process. When the trees were all cut down, there are no more trees to absorb carbon dioxide that are released by humans. Carbon dioxide will then release directly to the atmosphere and temperature will increase. When carbon dioxide in the air increases severely, the temperature will increase severely too. This will results in the phenomena named global warming. When global warming happens, ice in the North Pole and South Pole will melt. This results in the increasing of the sea level. The water will flood country that has lower sea level and they will disappear from the surface of the earth. Soon, all the land will be flooded and the country will disappear one by one. What can be done? Deforestation has caused a lot of harm to the mankind. To stop all this harm, we need to take some action to stop it. Instead of cutting down the trees to have new land, we can do land reclamation. Land reclamation is creating new lands from oceans or riverbeds. Besides that, government should enforce the rules instead of handling the matters with leniency. The people who violate the rules should be fined. This acts as a warning to the others so that they will stop they illegal logging and this could help in saving the trees around us. Every country should preserve their forests and also plant more trees so that the biodiversity could be maintained. Discussion All in all, deforestation has caused a lot of devastating effects not only to the people but also the animals. Before understanding the effects, we need to find the roots of why deforestation happens first. As I stated earlier, the causes of deforestation are large sum of foreign debt, increasing demand of land, and the weakness shown in the governments policies. Deforestation happens because the trees were cut down for crop production. With the production, they could repay back the debt. Besides that, the demand of land keep on increasing as times goes by. This is because the increase in popularity has increased the demand of land to build houses. Moreover, the weakness in the policies has promotes deforestation instead of curbing them. This happens because the government did not enforce the rules that were set and they take care of the matter leniently. Deforestation has done a lot of harm to people and also to wildlife. The most common effect is causing harm to indigenous people. Indigenous people live in the forest and everything they do inside the forest is part of their culture. When the trees were all chopped down, there are no more home for the indigenous people and soon their culture will extinct. The most precious things for a country are their original culture. If the indigenous people have extinct, they will be no more culture for that particular country. Another effect of deforestation is besides harming the indigenous people, deforestation harms wildlife too. Most of the animal species live in the tropical forest. Not only it acts as the natural habitat to the animals, forests also act as a protective shield for animals. When deforestation happens, they lost the natural habitat and protective shield. Soon, they will push to the edge of extinction. When this happen, it will cause the loss in biodiversity and our future ge neration will have to know the animals through picture. Another effect of deforestation is climate change. Trees act as storage for carbon dioxide that was released by the human through the process of respiration. Trees absorb carbon dioxide for their photosynthesis process. If the trees were cut down, all the carbon dioxide will be release straight to the atmosphere and this will cause the temperature to increase. When the temperature increase, global warming will happen and the ice in North Pole and South Pole will melt. This results in increase of sea level. Therefore, lands that have lower sea level will soon hit by flood and disappear from the surface of the earth. After understanding the causes and effects, what can be done to curb deforestation? Every government should find another alternative way to boost their economy and repay back the foreign debt. Instead of cutting down the trees for crop production, they can try boosting the economy by the tourism section. This way they can save the forest and earn money at the same thing. Besides cutting down trees for more land, land reclamation can become one of the ways to have more land. Filling the ocean and riverbed to create new lands instead of clearing the forest. This can fulfill the demand of land and preserve the forest at the same time. The government should enforce the rules that were set for logging activities. People who violate the rules by carrying out the illegal logging act will be fined. This acts as a warning to the others so that they do not dare to do it again. Besides having fined, government could come out with other ways of punishing the people that violates the rules. All i n all, they must enforce the laws and regulations on environmental issues. Conclusion I choose to do this research on deforestation is because I have read a lot of news on how deforestation do us harm and yet no one has done anything to stop it. I hope that this research paper could help the people to do understand more of the causes and effects of deforestation. Besides that, I also hope this research will help to curb deforestation and save the trees from being cut. By doing this, the biodiversity of the earth could be maintained and there are no more harm done to humans. If deforestation continues to happen, there will be no more trees in the future. This will results in high temperature, lost of biodiversity and more. Therefore I hope everybody will do his or her part in preserving and protecting the forest so that there is a better future for our next generation.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Fast and Furious Movie Analysis Essay

This scene is the last scene of the movie. It takes place at the old home that the crew lived in when the first movie came out. The crew(Dom, Brian, Letty, Mia, roman, Tej, Han, and Brian’s child) are gathered together in the yard. Starting the scene Roman comes out of the house and tells Tej not to burn the barbeque again(implying that this wasn’t the first time it had happened, with Tej replying that he never burned it before. Then it the scene switches focus to Brian, Mia, and their son in which Brian explains that the house’s air quality and traffic isn’t the best, but he thinks that he will learn to like it. Mia focuses on showing him the garage and explaining that it was the place where he could build his first car with daddy. A few moments after she said that, Dom responds â€Å"First car better be a charger jack†, which Brian gave a confused look to and replied â€Å"You mean a skyline†. Letty chuckles as Dom argues â€Å"Like I said he’s a Toretto†(fact bring that Brian’s last name was O’Connor). O’Connor smiles back and responds â€Å"You’re confusing the kid†, as Dom then asks Mia if she was going to let him get away with those words(even though all this was just playful, loving arguments). The focus goes to Han, Tej, and Roman as they discus Hans plan to move back to Tokyo, something he feels that he has to do because of the plans he made with his girlfriend, whom had died in the earlier scene. Tej wonders if he was really going to leave, and after Han confirms it, Tej says â€Å"You know we got your back, whenever you need it†. The men nod to each other and seconds later Hobbs and Elena enter the scene, as Roman makes a joke and Hobbs retaliates. Hobbs, in his stiff posture, walks up to Toretto(Dom) and O’Connor and openly expresses that they are now free of all their crimes. Excitement arises, â€Å"Wasn’t half bad having you work for me†, says Hobbs. â€Å"Now we all know you were working for me Hobbs†, Dom replies. Brian interferes says that they agree to disagree and thanks Hobbs for what he has done. As the men are gathered, Letty approaches Elena(Tej expressing to Roman that it must be an awkward encounter), and thanks her for everything she had done for Dom and her, then continues by implying that she was an amazing woman. As the two talk they go back and forth about Dom and end off on good terms, even though it was the first time they had met and they were both in love with the same man. Once again the scene switches to Hobbs and Dom, as they stand side by side. Dome takes a step forward(looking straight ahead past Hobbs) â€Å"Not bad for a cop† he says with a smirk. As Hobbs does the same he replies â€Å"I never thought I’d trust a criminal†. â€Å"Till next time†, they both say to one another and part ways. Hobbs gives Elena the sign to head out, but Dom stops her and explains â€Å"You don’t have to go†. Elena informs him that it was not her place, but that this was his home and her home was with the police force. She kisses him and walks away. The original crew mentioned in the beginning of the paper come together at the lunch table and laugh amongst each other, Dom asks Letty, â€Å"Any of this feel familiar to you?†, â€Å"No†¦ But it feels like home†, she responds after taking a sip of her beer. The scene comes to an end as they say grace as a family. Scene 4 Concept: Primary Groups For this scene, the concept of a primary group will be applied. According to the book, Communicating In Groups:Application of Skills, Adams and Galanes define primary groups as â€Å"groups formed to meet primary needs for inclusion and affection†(Adams and Galanes). Although this type of group can be used for a work type situation, it is mostly connected to a close type relationship. Each member shows motives such as: love, caring, avoiding feelings of loneliness, sharing, feeling cared about. These are successful only when the members decide to let go of some freedom as individuals. A primary group can come in many different forms, such as friends, sororities, fraternities, etc. However, the group from fast and furious 6, demonstrate the main form of a primary group, a family(even though almost all of them are not blood related). For example, the way Brian and Dom argue about which car the O’Connor’s son will first build, going back to their competitive spirit on what type of car was best. Although they were disagreeing with each other, their words were all out of love for the child and one another. Another example of this concept is the conversation between Han and Tej. Although Han individually wants to go out to Tokyo for himself, he has the support of his closest friends(the crew), and you know this when Tej say â€Å"You know we got your back, whenever you need it.† By saying this, it shows that they care for each other, which is an important factor to be a primary group(need to be caring). To become a primary group I had addressed that you must be willing to put away your individual desires. A prime example of this was the one on one discussion that occurred between Hobbs and Dom. Once again, Dom says â€Å"Not bad for a cop, as Hobbs replies â€Å"I never thought I’d trust a criminal.† The word trust in these few words is key. As a primary group, a family, you must trust one another and although neither of the two men had got along with each other in previous matters, they became somewhat close and finally put aside their individual attitudes to welcome each other in as one unit. According to Preserve Articles, there are some more points in being a primary group, two of which are physical proximity and identity of ends. Physical proximity is â€Å"connected with the fusion of personalities within the group†(Bhatt), which is exemplified as each of the members get together at the end at one table and enjoy a nice lunch together. This is a symbol of closeness within the characters. Identity of ends is â€Å"connected with the fusion of personalities within the group†(Bhatt). As this point of the article states, a primary group usually sees the world through the same Letty says â€Å"No†¦ But it feels like home†. Letty had lost her memory, which is revealed in an earlier scene of the movie, but they way that she says everything feels like home implies that she was one of them, and that she also seen the world in a very similar, if not the same way as the others(identity of ends). This is the only scene in which the whole clip is based off of the group being a primary group rather than a secondary group.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Week 5 Quizzes – Eco/Gm 561

Week 5 Quizzes ECO/GM 561 Your Results for: â€Å"Readiness Assessment Quiz†Print this page Site Title:Economics UOP custom CW Book Title:UOP-custom course for Economics Book Author:Case Summary of Results 100% Correct of 7 Scored items: 7 Correct: 100% 0 Incorrect: 0% More information about scoring ________________________________________ 1. GDP includes all transactions in which money or goods change hands. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 2. GDP is equal to the value of total sales in an economy. Your Answer:False _______________________________________ 3. I bought a record last year. I don't like it any more and am going to sell it to my cousin for $2. This sale should be included in GDP. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 4. Consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports are the four components of total expenditures. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 5. Households have all of their p ersonal income to spend or save. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 6. When economists calculate nominal GDP it means they are calculating GDP only approximately. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 7. Per capital GDP is a country's GDP divided by its population. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ Your Results for: â€Å"Readiness Assessment Quiz†Print this page Site Title:Economics UOP custom CW Book Title:UOP-custom course for Economics Summary of Results 100% Correct of 8 Scored items: 8 Correct: 100% 0 Incorrect: 0% More information about scoring ________________________________________ . The twin evils of macroeconomics are unemployment and inflation. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 2. Recessions last six months. Anything longer is called a depression. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 3. To be considered employed a person must be working for pay for at least 20 hours per week. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 4. You nee d to be 14 years old to be considered part of the labor force. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ . A discouraged worker is not actually working. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 6. People typically are unemployed for at least six months. Your Answer:False ________________________________________ 7. Recessions have a good side to them because they help reduce inflation. Your Answer:True ________________________________________ 8. The consumer price index is based on a bundle of goods and services purchased yearly by the typical urban consumer. Your Answer:False ________________________________________

Thursday, January 2, 2020

El muro de Trump y su impacto ambiental

La construccià ³n de un muro a lo largo de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico es una de las medidas mà ¡s controversiales propuestas por el Presidente Donald Trump. Este artà ­culo cubre informacià ³n sobre la valla que separa los dos paà ­ses, argumentos a favor y en contra de la construccià ³n del muro, en quà © consiste la Declaracià ³n de Emergencia Nacional declarada por el presidente Trump el 15 de febrero de 2019 y el impacto medioambiental que causarà ­a su construccià ³n. Puntos clave: el muro de Trump Extensià ³n de la frontera entre EE.UU. y Mà ©xico: 3.144 km (1.954 millas).Declaracià ³n Nacional de Emergencia: de dà ³nde proceden los 8.000 mil millones para su construccià ³n.Argumentos a favor: frenarà ­a migracià ³n indocumentada, drogas y posible infiltracià ³n de terroristas.Argumentos en contra: no resuelve presencia de 11 millones de indocumentados ni llegadas legales seguidas de permanencias ilegales; no afectarà ­a caminos de entrada de las drogas; alto costo e impacto a vida salvaje.Impacto medioambiental: el muro romperà ­a hà ¡bitats naturales de mà ¡s de 1.000 animales silvestres, incluyendo a 100 especies en peligro de extincià ³n. Cruzarà ­a por reservas de la biosfera, reservas naturales, santuarios de animales y parques nacionales. La frontera entre EE.UU. y Mà ©xico La frontera que separa Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico se alarga por 3.144,6 kilà ³metros (1.954 millas) desde el Golfo de Mà ©xico hasta el Pacà ­fico. En la actualidad, existe un valla de separacià ³n en 1.100 km (700 millas), la mayorà ­a se construyà ³ bajo la direccià ³n del Presidente George W. Bush como respuesta a los atentados terroristas del 11 de Septiembre del 2001. El precio de su construccià ³n fue de $2 mil millones. Por su alto costo se decidià ³ no extenderla toda la frontera. Su mantenimiento cuesta $500 millones anualmente. Ademà ¡s de la valla, la frontera està ¡ protegida por la Policà ­a Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Esta agencia –la cual cuenta con 20.000 agentes y un presupuesto anual de $3 mil millones— vigila la frontera a pie, a caballo, en auto y en embarcaciones con el apoyo de tecnologà ­a inteligente, como drones, cà ¡maras, sensores y el establecimiento de retenes y controles migratorios. En el aà ±o fiscal 2018, segà ºn estadà ­sticas de la CBP, el nà ºmero de arrestados en la frontera sur tras cruzar ilegalmente el paà ­s ascendià ³ a 396.579 migrantes. A todos ellos se les aplicà ³ la polà ­tica de tolerancia cero. Argumentos a favor y en contra del muro de Trump Los defensores de la construccià ³n del muro argumentan tres razones principales. En primer lugar, frenarà ­a el ingreso de migrantes indocumentados. En la actualidad se estima que hay en el paà ­s 11 millones de migrantes sin papeles. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que si la frontera no està ¡ blindada existe un riesgo de infiltracià ³n de terroristas. Y, en tercer lugar, se afirma que la valla no es obstà ¡culo para el ingreso de drogas, lo que agravarà ­a el problema de adiccià ³n que existe en EE.UU. Segà ºn datos de los Centros de Control de Enfermedades y Prevencià ³n, mà ¡s de 33.000 estadounidenses mueren anualmente por sobredosis de opià ¡ceos. Desde otra perspectiva, se argumenta en contra del muro que este no frenarà ­a la migracià ³n indocumentada porque, por un lado, no resuelve el problema de la presencia en el paà ­s de 11 millones de migrantes y, por otro, porque la mitad de los indocumentados ingresan al paà ­s legalmente y no atravesando ilegalmente la frontera. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que no hay casos para apoyar la tesis de que los terroristas pueden ingresar ilegalmente a travà ©s de Mà ©xico. En tercer lugar, se esgrime que aproximadamente 15.000 personas de las fallecidas anualmente por consumo de opià ¡ceos tomaron medicinas que se obtienen en EE.UU. con receta. Ademà ¡s, las drogas que ingresan de Mà ©xico hacia EE.UU. lo hacen por tà ºneles, en drones, compartimentos ocultos en buses o autos, o en camiones. Por lo tanto, el muro no afectarà ­a a ninguno de esos modos de transporte. Por à ºltimo, se esgrime en contra de la construccià ³n del muro su alto costo y su impacto ecolà ³gico. Costo de la construccià ³n del muro de Trump No hay consenso sobre cuà ¡nto costarà ­a construir un muro que blindase los mà ¡s de 3.000 km de frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico. Por un lado, el propio Presidente Trump estima que el precio del muro podrà ­a estar entre los $8 y $12 mil millones de dà ³lares. En el otro extremo del espectro se encuentran organizaciones como New America Foundation que estima el costo entre $27 y $40 millones. Por otro lado, la agencia de noticias Reuters tuvo acceso a un estudio de la Oficina de Contabilidad del Gobierno (GAO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el cual estima que el muro costarà ­a $21,6 mil millones. El baile de cifras se debe, entre otros factores, a que se desconoce cuà ¡l de las propuestas de muro se construirà ­a y, por lo tanto, sus caracterà ­sticas y materiales. En los ocho prototipos el material varà ­a de concreto a acero y la altura de 18 a 30 pies (5,5 a 9,1 metros). Declaracià ³n Nacional de Emergencia  ¿cuà ¡l es el costo y quià ©n paga por el muro de Trump? Segà ºn la declaracià ³n de emergencia nacional del presidente Trump anunciada con fecha del 15 de febrero de 2019, podrà ­an obtenerse un mà ¡ximo de $8 mil millones (8 billones) para la construccià ³n del muro. Un total de 1.375 millones de dà ³lares procederà ­an de un presupuesto autorizado por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos. La diferencia procederà ­a de fondos del Departamento del Tesoro de confiscaciones de drogas (600 millones de dà ³lares), fondos que habà ­an sido destinados a actividades del Departamento de Defensa en proyectos de lucha antidrogas y otros programas (2.500 millones de dà ³lares) y fondos destinados a proyectos de construccià ³n del Ejà ©rcito (3.600 millones de dà ³lares). Estas cantidades serà ­an suficientes para construir un muro a lo largo de toda la frontera. Segà ºn informacià ³n del gobierno, no todo el muro serà ­a de concreto sino que habrà ­a zonas de vallas metà ¡licas. Impacto medioambiental del muro de Trump La construccià ³n de un muro por mà ¡s de 3.000 kilà ³metros tendrà ­a importantes efectos medioambientales. Una de las razones principales es una sentencia dictada en corte federal en febrero de 2018 que permite, por razones de seguridad nacional, la construccià ³n del muro fronterizo sin necesidad de respetar los preceptos de las siguientes legislaciones: Ley de Agua Potable Segura, Ley de Especies en Peligro de Extincià ³n, Ley de Agua Limpia, Ley de Aire Limpio, Ley de Eliminacià ³n de Desechos y Ley de Proteccià ³n de Tumbas Nativas Americanas y Repatriacià ³n. Mà ¡s de 2.500 cientà ­ficos estadounidenses, mexicanos y del resto del mundo, han hecho un llamado de atencià ³n sobre el impacto medioambiental del muro en un artà ­culo publicado en la revista cientà ­fica BioScience. Su opinià ³n es compartida por grupos medioambientalistas como Sierra Club. Esos expertos argumentan que el muro interrumpirà ¡ los patrones de migraciones de animales, imposibilitando o limitando el acceso a sus lugares habituales de comida, bebida, apareamiento y nacimiento. En otras palabras, el muro supondrà ­a una fragmentacià ³n del hà ¡bitat animal y, posiblemente, limitarà ­a su diversidad genà ©tica. Segà ºn el Instituto de Ecologà ­a de la UNAM, mà ¡s de 800 especies se verà ­an afectadas, incluyendo al ocelote, bisonte, lobo gris mexicano, borrego cimarrà ³n, jaguar, tortuga del desierto, rana leopardo, oso negro, antà ­lope berrendo, ciervo mula, perros de la pradera, gato montà ©s, leà ³n de la montaà ±a y colibrà ­. Todo ello conducirà ­a a la reduccià ³n drà ¡stica de animales del suroeste estadounidense, de los cuales 100 ya se encuentran en peligro de extincià ³n actualmente, segà ºn datos de la Agencia de Vida Salvaje y Peces de los Estados Unidos. El muro incluso podrà ­a suponer la destruccià ³n del santuario de mariposas de mayor diversidad ubicada en Missions, Texas, y afectar negativamente, entre otros, al Refugio Nacional de la Vida Silvestre del Valle Bajo del Rà ­o Grande, al Parque Estatal Rà ­o Grande - Bentsen y los centros de la biosfera de Rancho Los Fresnos (Sonora) y Santa Ana (Texas). Este à ºltimo està ¡ ubicado en el valle del Rà ­o Grande, una de las à ¡reas con mayor diversidad ecolà ³gica en toda Norteamà ©rica. Ademà ¡s, debido a la altura propuesta, el muro entre 18 y 30 pies tambià ©n afectarà ­a el movimiento de pà ¡jaros tropicales que vuelan por esas rutas en sus migraciones estacionales y de insectos. Esto tambià ©n tendrà ­a consecuencias negativas para las plantas que dependen en gran medida del movimiento de insectos y pà ¡jaros para la polinizacià ³n. Asimismo, activistas medioambientales a ambos lados de la frontera han mostrado su preocupacià ³n por la posibilidad de que el muro pueda actuar como un embalse en momentos de inundaciones, pudiendo causar una tragedia humana. Tambià ©n han puesto de manifiesto el riesgo de alterar con las obras del muro el nivel de los acuà ­feros y provocar desabastecimiento de agua. En este contexto, varias organizaciones han acudido a las cortes para intentar frenar o evitar los peores impactos ambientales que derivarà ­an de la construccià ³n del muro. Por ejemplo, el Center for Biological Diversity, en conjuncià ³n con Animal Legal Defense Fund, ha presentado en noviembre de 2018 una demanda buscando declarar inconstitucional el permiso concedido al gobierno por una corte para construir el muro sin respetar las leyes medioambientales. Esta estrategia ha sido utilizada sin à ©xito hasta el momento por otras organizaciones ecologistas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.